The panel elaborates on what excites them most about the future of UC research, highlighting promising advancements. The panel considers the evolving role of ctDNA in guiding adjuvant therapy decisions, highlighting IMvigor011 and MODERN. The panel shares the NIAGARA findings and results from RETAIN-2 on dose-dense MVAC for bladder preservation. The panel covers 2L treatment options for mUC post-EV/pembro, with emphasis on platinum-based chemo and targeted therapy. The panel debates patient selection, alternative regimens, and the balance between escalation and de-escalation strategies. The panel weighs the impact of long-term survival data from the EV-302 trial, with significant improvements in OS. The panel highlights key ASCO GU 2025 data, including TALAPRO-2, PSMA PET, the PORTOS score, and emerging therapies like EZH2 The panel discusses data from PEACE-3 and maintaining ARSI therapy with emerging combination treatments. The experts discuss treatment selection in mHSPC and share insights from STOPCAP and ARANOTE on ARSI use in older patients. The panel covers metastasis-directed therapy and trials including SWOG 1802 in oligometastatic prostate cancer. The panelists examine biomarker adoption challenges and the impact of PSMA PET on staging and treatment decisions. Experts discuss advances in biomarker testing, treatment intensification, and the impact of TALAPRO-2 in prostate cancer care The panel concludes with future directions in RCC, including HIF inhibitors and biomarker-guided adjuvant strategies. The panel considers how managing real-world patients on novel therapies like belzutifan presents a multitude of challenges. The panel explains how the approval of subcutaneous nivo offers advantages in patient convenience and healthcare efficiency. The panel weighs long-term treatment-free survival with nivo/ipi against the need for disease control with IO-TKI combos. The panel considers the limitations of ctDNA from low tumor shedding but expresses optimism for detection technology. The panel weighs the evolving role of biomarkers, particularly the promising blood-based biomarker KIM-1. The panel highlights the limitations of conventional imaging in detecting disease progression at undetectable PSA levels. The panel zooms in on the use of radium, enzalutamide, and other therapeutic agents, touching on patient preference trials.